Conceptual art

90 years ago, Marcel Duchamp did something kind of funny by presenting a urinal as if it were legitimate art.

The art world responded by repeating the same joke, with slight variations, over and over, while pretending to take itself seriously in the process. Much money was made by selling random objects to rich suckers. Now the whole joke may finally be starting to fall a bit flat.

Dennis Dutton writes in the New York Times:
The appreciation of contemporary conceptual art, on the other hand, depends not on immediately recognizable skill, but on how the work is situated in today’s intellectual zeitgeist. That’s why looking through the history of conceptual art after Duchamp reminds me of paging through old New Yorker cartoons. Jokes about Cadillac tailfins and early fax machines were once amusing, and the same can be said of conceptual works like Piero Manzoni’s 1962 declaration that Earth was his art work, Joseph Kosuth’s 1965 “One and Three Chairs” (a chair, a photo of the chair and a definition of “chair”) or Mr. Hirst’s medicine cabinets. Future generations, no longer engaged by our art “concepts” and unable to divine any special skill or emotional expression in the work, may lose interest in it as a medium for financial speculation and relegate it to the realm of historical curiosity.

In this respect, I can’t help regarding medicine cabinets, vacuum cleaners and dead sharks as reckless investments. Somewhere out there in collectorland is the unlucky guy who will be the last one holding the vacuum cleaner, and wondering why.

But that doesn’t mean we need to worry about the future of art. There are plenty of prodigious artists at work in every medium, ready to wow us with surprising skills. And yes, now and again I walk past a jewelry shop window and stop, transfixed by a sparkling, teardrop-shaped precious stone. Our distant ancestors loved that shape, and found beauty in the skill needed to make it —even before they could put their love into words.

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  1. Candace X. Moore’s avatar

    I'm hearing this sentiment expressed with growing frequency. I'm new to the world of fine art, so probably don't appreciate the nuances of the competition that exists between modern art and classical art, but we certainly seems to be in the midst of a turning tide. I've seen the shark and I was not moved.

    Reply

    1. David Rourke’s avatar

      Candace,

      I do like some expressionist and abstract art. Most conceptual art impresses me as a bad joke.

      Reply

  2. Chad’s avatar

    Hi David,

    I haven't yet posted here, but I enjoy your blog and I have followed it regularly for well over a year. You dig art that looks like a window on the world. That's cool and it takes skill to produce. The flip side of that is this: All of the other artwork that does not offer a window on the world also takes skill, maybe not the same level of craftsmanship, but skill none the less. The world is big enough for all manifestations of art. And, if it's any consolation, Mr. Hirst's artwork is a nightmare for conservators to preserve.

    Reply

    1. David Rourke’s avatar

      Chad,

      I like lots of different kinds of art. Mostly I like visual art that looks like something (i.e., representational), but not always.

      Finding a urinal and putting it in an art gallery was a fun joke a century ago. I see no reason to repeat the joke over and over. The repetition doesn't make it funnier or closer to being actual art.

      Reply

      1. Chad’s avatar

        Hi David,

        Obviously, the urinal joke isn't all that deep and even the best joke becomes stale after nearly a century of constant reference. But, let's face it: Dada has been around for a while now. And, it's not going away any time soon. So, these conditions require my inner artist to ask: Why this is the case? Has the cynicism and moral decay of modern art lessened or increased since the New York Armory show? How much responsibility should be placed on collectors and critics? We should remember that commodity critiques on art objects (Hirst's motive) are much younger than the origins of found object art. So, a shark in a tank of preservative does have some conceptual relationship to a century-old urinal joke, but the urinal has a lot more in common with other Duchampian art that declared the death of all narrative art. Disclaimer: I don't use urinals or any other found objects in my personal art. I paint in wax with varying degrees of representation. But, I don't have an issue using found objects as a learning and conceptual tool, especially if some formalism is tied into the work. My complaint is with art programs that teach four years of conceptual art to their students. That's expensive…ouch!

        Reply

        1. David Rourke’s avatar

          Chad,

          I think we're in a similar place. I don't like banal, soulless, ugly, derivative art. That's what most conceptual art is. It also often pretends to be "transgressive" while being as safe and conventional as it is possible to be in an academic art context.

          If you grab some object and incorporate it into an artwork in a manner that is original and interesting, I have absolutely no problem with that.

          Reply

  3. Chad’s avatar

    David,

    I agree that we are in a similar place. I thought about this after I wrote my last response: Duchamp really could draw and paint, so the context of his joke gets lost in a culture of art that does not require illusionistic drawing.

    What do you mean by transgressive? I always thought of conceptual art as more transcendent than anything else (neo-Platonic) . Maybe transendence is a glamorous repackaging of transgressive? I definitely see pop art as transgressive, but I think that much of conceptual art is linked to minimalism and all of the pseudo-intellectual BS that comes with that genre.

    When it comes to found art and object incorporation, I am a huge fan of outsider art.

    Reply

    1. David Rourke’s avatar

      Chad,

      Perhaps the quintessential example of "transgressive" conceptual art would be the Piss Christ. I am not in any way a religious person, so it does not offend me culturally or religiously. It is deliberately offensive in a churlish manner that reminds me of an adolescent doing whatever is necessary to offend Mom and Dad. There is nothing "brave" about a transgressive work such as this—in the academic art world, it is entirely safe to offend Christians.

      Now if Serrano had created a Piss Mohamed, that would have been an act of bravery. Still banal, but at least brave.

      In terms of outsider art, I find some of it interesting and valuable. In other cases, my response tends to be that it is a shame that the artist didn't have the skill to express his or her meaning more effectively.

      Reply

  4. FRANK MISCONE’s avatar

    Guy walks up to a conceptual artist, looks at his work, and says, "I could do that".
    Artist replies, "Yeah, but you didn't".
    That's the only saying I know on that.

    The nihilism you find in this kind of art is just a testament to our postmodern times, but they are passing. Young people wish to develop skills instead of learning how to develop smart sounding explanations that create value in their work. These blogs are a real help to that, as you can't find real instruction in schools….maybe ateliers….but not schools yet.

    Duchamp also did some brilliant work with symbols/signs in his paintings. I've always felt he kind of foretold this 'conceptual art' problem and proved it to be foolish…but I don't think anyone else caught on.

    Reply

  5. FRANK MISCONE’s avatar

    Rene magritte rather….

    Reply

  6. Tattoo Ideas’s avatar

    i love Duchamp’s work. i think he had the guts to do thing that others didn’t.

    Reply

  7. Tintoretto’s avatar

    Maybe wasn`t even Duchamp`s fault but his followers that wanted to cash in the joke.

    his paintings are ok.

    Reply

    1. David’s avatar

      Tintoretto,

      I have no real problem with Duchamp. The joke was kind of funny.

      The repetition of infinite variations of the same joke by talentless hacks, on the other hand, is extraordinarily tiresome.

      Reply

      1. Tintoretto’s avatar

        Absolutely

        Reply

  8. Bill’s avatar

    I actually think the Piss Christ is a fairly compelling image and you wouldn’t know it was so transgressive if you didn’t know what the crucifix was submerged into. Visually, it references the gold leaf that Christ is often surrounded by in early panel paintings. That said, I am somewhat ambivalent about it, even though I’m not a religious person. The title obviously puts the transgression out there.

    A lot of conceptual art does leave me cold, but there is a lot of it that is fairly sophisticated in the use of materials, like Wofgang Laib’s installations using meticulously gathered pollen.

    I personally love good painting of all types, from realistic to fully abstract. I’m as big a fan of Jackson Pollock or Mark Rothko as I am of Titian, Sergeant, or N.C. Wyeth. I’m still amazed at how much hostility there is out there toward abstract art. To me that’s sort of like hating music that has no lyrics.

    Reply

    1. David’s avatar

      Bill,

      In the case of Piss Christ, it seems to me that the medium basically is the message.

      I would never condemn all conceptual art, but much of it is about as vapid as it is possible to get.

      Reply

      1. Bill’s avatar

        Actually, the medium is photography, not piss. Is the Piss Christ really even properly defined as “conceptual art?” I’m not so sure. My understanding of conceptual art is that a large part of it involves questioning the object as a commodity - thus it often involves things that can’t be sold, like performance pieces, impermanent things, or earthworks like the spiral jetty, the lightning field, or the running fence.

        Like I said, a lot of conceptual art doesn’t do much for me, but a lot of painting doesn’t either (I like your work, BTW, or I wouldn’t keep checking in on your web site). I will give anything a fair chance, something that comes from my art history background. They always told us to look at the piece and think about it before passing judgment. I do end up shrugging my shoulders and turning away lots of times, but some conceptual art is actually quite beautiful, and not simple to create. I thought Douglas Gordon’s 24 Hour Psycho was pretty interesting, for example. I like what I’ve seen of James Lee Byer’s work. There was another piece I saw once at the Portland Oregon art museum by an artist whose name I can’t recall that was very moving, a video installation in a dark corridor with multiple spots where you would stop to see images of various people from a distance facing away from you (a pretty woman, a young boy, an old man, a policeman, etc.). When you stood there, the person in the image would turn around and walk slowly toward you until they reached life size, where they’d stop walking. They appeared to be pleading, attempting to communicate something, but there was no sound. When you stepped away, the image person turned away and walked back to where they were. My description doesn’t do it justice, but it was very moving, enough that I remember it quite strongly over a decade after I saw it. The images were black and white and a little shadowy, like it was something you saw in a dream.

        My own feeling is that conceptual art is like all art in that it basically follows Sturgeon’s law that 90% of everything is crap. But there is good conceptual art (whatever that is) out there by artists who have worked very hard to do what they do.

        Reply

        1. David’s avatar

          Bill,

          The “Piss Christ” photograph is of an object constructed by the artist for the purpose of photographing it. I don’t think it’s unreasonable to consider that an aspect of the medium in this case.

          I, too, have seen conceptual art that I liked and found provoking.

          Reply

  9. Bill’s avatar

    Yes, it is an object constructed by the artist for purposes of photography - but doesn’t this get pretty far away from being a “random object” selected and thrown in a gallery for “rich suckers”? The rich suckers part is probably on the money, but it was a chosen, arranged, lighted, photographed, and printed object, a process that certainly calls for some artistic skill. I guess I’m taking issue with the whole idea of “conceptual art” as a category - all art is conceptual in some way after all. For all we know, he may not really even have used urine in the construction. I’m playing Devil’s advocate here, but part of me feels that any art Jessie Helms didn’t like must have some redeeming value.

    Reply

    1. David’s avatar

      Bill,

      I agree that Piss Christ is not quite within the realm of “conventional” conceptual art. Nor is a commissioned sculpture of Michael Jackson and his chimp. Conceptual art is the closest genre we have for that sort of stuff.

      “Conceptual art” is a poorly-chosen term, as is “organic food,” “guest host,” and “war on terror.”

      I try not to judge art in terms of whether it annoys someone I don’t like. That seems too much like art for the sake of irritating mommy and daddy. On the other hand, I wonder how “Piss Mohamed” would go over? I don’t like Osama bin Laden or Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and that would definitely offend them.

      Reply

  10. tattoo galleries’s avatar

    Although skill and techniques are important, coming up with those crazy ideas also counts for creativity. However, I don’t want to be the guy with the vacuum cleaner.

    Reply

  11. HarmonyC’s avatar

    Regarding an earlier comment on art school teaching mostly conceptual art: the tide has turned on that one. I graduated in 2006 and there was already an emphasis on craftsmanship & applied design. Maybe not all schools are doing that yet but I think within 50 years they all will be.

    I love this blog btw.

    Reply